The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into agriculture represents the "Fourth Industrial Revolution" (Agriculture 4.0) reaching the rural landscape. In traditional farming, the "signal" from the field—whether a plant is thirsty or a pest is arriving—is often lost in the noise of a busy farm day. IoT technology eliminates this communication gap, creating a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) where biological processes are monitored and managed with the precision of a high-te

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data into agriculture is ushering in a new era of precision farming,